Thermoelectric Effect Notes Class-12

<p>Thermoelectric Effect &ndash; Class 12 Physics | NEB Notes, Principles, Formulas &amp; Applications [2082 Updated] Master the Thermoelectric Effect chapter of NEB Class 12 Physics with comprehensive and exam-focused notes. This guide explains all key concepts including the Seebeck Effect, Peltier Effect, and Thomson Effect, along with formulas, diagrams, applications, and solved numerical problems. These notes are based on the latest NEB Physics syllabus (Grade 12 &ndash; Curriculum 2082/83) and are perfect for board exam preparation, internal assessment, and conceptual understanding. 📘 Key Topics Covered: ✅ Thermoelectric Effect &ndash; Introduction ✅ Seebeck Effect &ndash; Generation of emf by temperature difference ✅ Thermocouple &ndash; Working principle, use in temperature measurement ✅ Thermoelectric Series &ndash; Arrangement of metals based on Seebeck emf ✅ Peltier Effect &ndash; Heating or cooling at junctions when current flows ✅ Thomson Effect &ndash; Heat absorption/emission in conductors with temperature gradient ✅ Mathematical Formulas &ndash; Seebeck coefficient, Peltier coefficient, etc. ✅ Applications &ndash; Thermoelectric generators, sensors, coolers, and space research ✅ Numerical Problems &ndash; With step-by-step solutions ✅ Graphical Representation &ndash; Seebeck curve and thermoelectric emf vs. temperature 📝 Features: Full chapter notes and derivations Numericals with solutions Important definitions and principles Board-exam focused short and long questions Based on NEB Grade 12 Physics curriculum (2080/2081)</p>