NEB Class 12 VVI Questions

📘 NEB Class 12 Physics – Most Important Questions (2080/2081) Chapter-wise collection of crucial short and long answer questions for NEB Class 12 Physics based on the latest curriculum and exam trends. Ideal for revision and exam preparation. 📗 Unit 1: Mechanics 🔹 Rotational Dynamics Derive the expression for kinetic energy of a rotating body. Define moment of inertia and radius of gyration. Prove: 𝐼 = 𝑀 𝑅 2 I=MR 2 for a circular ring. Derive torque and angular momentum relation. Conservation of angular momentum – statement and proof. Explain rolling without slipping. 🔹 Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) What is SHM? Derive the equation 𝑎 = − 𝜔 2 𝑥 a=−ω 2 x. Energy of a particle in SHM. Period of vertical spring-mass system. Damped and forced oscillations. Define resonance with examples. 🔹 Fluid Mechanics State and explain Archimedes’ principle. Derive Bernoulli’s theorem with application. Define viscosity. Derive Stoke’s law. Continuity equation and its application. Surface tension and angle of contact. 🌡️ Unit 2: Heat & Thermodynamics 🔹 First Law of Thermodynamics Derive: Δ 𝑄 = Δ 𝑈 + Δ 𝑊 ΔQ=ΔU+ΔW Cp and Cv relation for ideal gas. Work done in isothermal and adiabatic processes. Adiabatic equation derivation. 🔹 Second Law & Engines State Carnot’s theorem. Derive efficiency of Carnot engine. Compare Otto and Diesel engines. Entropy: concept and formula. 🌊 Unit 3: Waves & Optics 🔹 Wave Motion Transverse and longitudinal waves. Equation of a progressive wave. Superposition principle. 🔹 Stationary Waves & Sound Harmonics in open and closed pipes. Laplace’s correction. Doppler effect (source and observer motion). 🔹 Interference & Diffraction Young’s double-slit experiment: Derivation. Conditions for constructive and destructive interference. Single-slit diffraction pattern. Diffraction grating and resolving power. 🔹 Polarization Explain plane polarized light. Brewster’s law and Malus’ law. ⚡ Unit 4: Electricity & Magnetism 🔹 Electrical Circuits Kirchhoff’s laws with numerical. Wheatstone bridge & meter bridge principle. Potentiometer: principle and uses. Conversion of galvanometer to ammeter and voltmeter. 🔹 Magnetism Biot-Savart law and its application. Ampere’s circuital law. Force between parallel currents. Magnetic field due to solenoid and toroid. 🔹 Electromagnetic Induction Faraday’s laws and Lenz’s law. Eddy currents and their applications. Mutual and self-inductance. Working of transformer. 🔹 Alternating Current (AC) Define peak, rms, and average value of AC. Derive current in R, L, and C circuits. AC power and power factor. Resonance in LCR circuit. 🔬 Unit 5: Modern Physics 🔹 Photoelectric Effect Einstein’s photoelectric equation. Characteristics of photoelectric effect. Millikan’s oil drop experiment. 🔹 Semiconductors PN junction diode: forward and reverse bias. Zener diode and its application in voltage regulation. Logic gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR – truth tables. 🔹 Atomic Physics Bohr’s postulates and derivation of radius and energy. de Broglie hypothesis and equation. X-ray properties and uses. 🔹 Nuclear Physics Define half-life and mean life. Derive the radioactive decay law. Nuclear fission and fusion. Use of radioisotopes in medicine and agriculture. 🔹 Recent Trends Earthquake waves: P, S, Love, Rayleigh waves. Basics of nanotechnology and its applications. Introduction to gravitational waves and Higgs boson.